Indonesia continues to position itself as a key destination for foreign investment. The government-led initiatives aim to streamline the business registration in Indonesia and foster a more accessible regulatory framework. Thanks to the partly digitalised Online Single Submission (OSS) system, incorporating a company in Indonesia has become easier and more efficient than ever before. Whether you’re looking to establish a foreign-owned company or set up a representative office in Indonesia, understanding the process is essential to ensure compliance and long-term success.
What Does Company Incorporation in Indonesia Mean?
Incorporation is the legal act of forming a business entity that is distinct from its shareholders. Once incorporated, the company can operate as a legal person, entering into contracts, opening bank accounts, paying taxes, and holding assets in its name.
Indonesia does not permit foreign companies to register branch offices. Instead, businesses in Indonesia must incorporate under local or foreign ownership structures that comply with the country’s investment and corporate laws.
What Company Types Can Foreign Investors Register in Indonesia?
1. PT (Perseroan Terbatas)
PT or Perseroan Terbatas in Indonesia is a limited liability company for local ownership. It is the most commonly used structure by Indonesian nationals. A PT requires at least two local shareholders, one local director, and one commissioner. Paid-up capital and business scale (small, medium, or large) will define the company’s classification.
2. PT PMA (Penanaman Modal Asing)
PT PMA (Penanaman Modal Asing) in Indonesia is a limited liability company with foreign ownership. They are designed for foreign investors and can be fully or partially foreign-owned, depending on the sector. To qualify, a minimum investment plan of IDR 10 billion is generally required. PT PMAs have the right to sponsor work permits (KITAS) for foreign employees.
3. KPPA (Representative Office)
A KPPA or a Representative Office in Indonesia allows foreign companies to set up a presence in Indonesia for non-commercial activities such as market research or liaison functions. It cannot engage in profit-generating activities. Setting up a Representative office in Indonesia typically takes 3–4 weeks and requires the appointment of a Chief Representative Officer.
4. KP3A (Foreign Trade Representative Office)
Foreign Trade Representative Office in Indonesia (KP3A) is used by foreign trading companies to represent business interests in Indonesia, especially in specific regulated industries like mining, oil, and banking.
5. Nominee Limited Liability Company
In restricted sectors, foreign investors may use nominee arrangements where local partners hold shares on behalf of the foreign party. While Nominee limited liability company in Indonesia allows quick market entry, it comes with legal risks and must be structured carefully.
6. Public Company
A public company in Indonesia must have at least 300 shareholders and IDR 3 billion in paid-up capital. It is subject to stricter governance and reporting requirements, especially if listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.
Read our guide: A Comprehensive Guide for Foreigners to Start a Business in Indonesia
What Are the Steps to Incorporate a Company in Indonesia?
Business registration in Indonesia has been digitalized in part through the OSS system. Most steps beyond the initial notary and deed formalities can now be handled online.
Step 1: Company Name Approval
Choose a company name that aligns with your business activities. The name must be unique and not resemble any existing registered entity or state institution. Submit the name for approval to the Ministry of Law and Human Rights. Once approved, it is reserved for 60 days.
Key tips:
- Avoid names that include offensive language or are meaningless letter combinations.
- PTs must use Bahasa Indonesia; PT PMAs may use English.
Step 2: Draft and Legalise the Deed of Establishment
Engage a notary to draft the Deed of Establishment, which includes the Articles of Association. This document outlines:
- Company name, structure, and location
- Objectives and business activities
- Shareholders, capital details, and governance
- Appointment of directors and commissioners
Once signed by all parties, submit it to the Ministry for legalization.
Step 3: Obtain Certificate of Domicile
This certificate confirms your registered business address, which must be in a commercial zone. Submit your lease agreement, tax receipt (PBB), and supporting photos of your office. Virtual offices are allowed for local PTs but not for PT PMAs.
Step 4: Register for Tax ID (NPWP)
Apply for a corporate tax ID from the local tax office. This number is essential for conducting any financial activity. The application requires your Deed of Establishment, director’s ID/passport, and the Certificate of Domicile.
You may also register for VAT (PPN) if your turnover exceeds the threshold or if your business deals with taxable goods/services.
Step 5: Register for Business Identification Number (NIB)
Through the OSS system, apply for your NIB. This serves as your:
- Business license
- Import/export license (if applicable)
- Registration with BPJS (Indonesia’s social security and healthcare system)
The OSS platform simplifies the process by integrating multiple registrations into a single digital submission.
Step 6: Apply for Additional Sector Licenses
Depending on your business activities, you may need additional permits—such as a trading license (SIUP), industrial license, or environmental clearance.
The NIB alone does not authorize you to operate in regulated sectors. Ensure you complete sector-specific licensing requirements before launching operations.
Step 7: Obtain Work Permits (KITAS)
Foreign directors and staff require a KITAS (limited stay permit). To sponsor foreign employees, your company must have a sufficient investment size and comply with local hiring ratios. The application process involves securing a work permit (IMTA) and then applying for KITAS.
Step 8: Open a Corporate Bank Account
Set up a corporate bank account in Indonesia to deposit the required paid-up capital. Submit your company documents, NIB, and identity documents for verification. Once the capital is deposited, keep a bank transfer slip for compliance records.
What Documents and Capital Requirements Do You Need for company incorporation in Indonesia?
The required documentation for incorporating a business in Indonesia depends on the business structure and ownership type. Here’s a summary:
For PT & PT PMA( Perseroan Terbatas& Penanaman Modal Asing):
- Notarized Articles of Association
- Lease agreement & tax receipts
- Office photos (reception, signage, activity room)
- Shareholder IDs or passports
- Statement letter from shareholders
- Domicile certificate
- Company stamp and letterhead sample
For KPPA (Representative Office)
- Parent company’s Articles of Association
- Letters of Appointment, Intent, and Statement for CRO
- CRO’s passport or local ID
- Lease and building tax documents
- Office photos and proof of business address
Capital Requirements:
- PT (Small): IDR 50 million
- PT (Medium): IDR 500 million
- PT (Large/PT PMA): IDR 10 billion minimum investment plan
Public Company: IDR 3 billion paid-up capital
What Post-Registration Steps Should You Not Overlook while establishing a company in Indonesia?
After incorporating a company in Indonesia,they must still fulfil several obligations:
- Report to the Ministry of Manpower within 30 days of hiring
- Register employees with BPJS Ketenagakerjaan and BPJS Kesehatan
- Submit quarterly and annual investment reports to BKPM (Capital Investment Coordinating Board)
- Comply with labor laws, including local hiring ratios and employment agreements
- Maintain corporate bookkeeping in compliance with Indonesian tax law
How Can Professionals Help Your Business Enter Indonesia?
While Indonesia has improved its business environment, regulatory interpretation can still vary between jurisdictions. Engaging with an experienced incorporation consultant or experienced corporate service provider in Indonesia can help you:
- Choose the right entity type
- Meet document and capital requirements.
- Navigate the OSS system efficiently.
- Avoid legal pitfalls related to nominee arrangements or restricted sectors.
- Handle post-incorporation reporting and HR matters.
Conclusion:
Setting up a company in Indonesia requires more than meeting basic registration requirements. From selecting the right entity structure and fulfilling capital thresholds to navigating OSS filings and sector-specific licensing, every step must align with your business strategy and compliance obligations.
Foreign investors should approach incorporation with a clear investment plan, awareness of local regulatory nuances, and a structured compliance roadmap. Engaging the right advisors ensures a faster setup, minimizes risk, and lays the foundation for long-term operational success in Indonesia’s evolving market.
That’s where 3E Accounting Indonesia comes in. As a trusted provider of incorporation, tax, legal, and compliance services, we help startups and SMEs navigate Indonesia’s business landscape efficiently and affordably.
Disclaimer: This blog is for informational purposes only and does not constitute any legal advice.
Incorporate in Indonesia with Confidence
Our specialists at Commenda simplify the complex and support your journey every step of the way.
Frequently Asked Questions
Yes, while a standard local PT (Perseroan Terbatas) must be fully owned by Indonesian citizens, foreigners can still establish one using a nominee arrangement. In this setup, the shares are held by Indonesian nominees on behalf of the foreign investor. Although not the legal shareholder, the foreign party can retain full operational and financial control—typically by managing the company’s bank accounts and business activities under a private agreement.
The full incorporation process typically takes between 1–2 months, depending on documentation and licensing requirements.
PT is for local ownership. PT PMA is for foreign ownership and has higher capital and reporting requirements.
Yes, PT PMAs and KPPA require a registered commercial address. PTs may use a virtual office during early stages.
The Online Single Submission (OSS) is Indonesia’s central digital platform for business licensing and company registration.
Abigail Yu
Author
Abigail Yu oversees executive leadership at 3E Accounting Group, leading operations, IT solutions, public relations, and digital marketing to drive business success. She holds an honors degree in Communication and New Media from the National University of Singapore and is highly skilled in crisis management, financial communication, and corporate communications.
